The Oca of Alto Xingu: Ancestral Wisdom in Sustainable Architecture

The Ocas of Xingu National Park: More Than Just Indigenous Dwellings

The ocas of Xingu National Park in Alto Xingu are more than simple indigenous homes. They combine tradition, functionality, and a profound connection with nature, standing out as incredible examples of sustainable and resilient architecture. Built with ancestral techniques, these structures offer comfort and safety, as well as admirably withstand extreme weather conditions such as strong winds, storms, and heavy rains.

Construction System: Structure, Materials, and Design

Main Structure

The base of the oca is formed by central and peripheral pillars that support the entire construction:

Local and Durable Materials

The pillars are made of durable wood, deeply embedded in the soil to ensure stability.

Natural Bindings

Connections are made with embira or vines, providing flexibility to the structure and allowing the oca to absorb external forces like wind without sustaining damage.

Thatched Roof

The roof protects the oca from the elements:

Aerodynamic Shape

The rounded or conical roof diverts strong winds and facilitates the rapid drainage of rainwater.

Layers of Thatch

Dense, overlapping layers of thatched sapé create an impermeable barrier against torrential rains and dry quickly, preventing rot.

Resistant Fixation

The thatch is firmly tied with embiras, ensuring it stays in place even during storms.

Foundation and Drainage

The connection of the oca to the ground is vital for its durability:

Buried Pillars:

The pillars are fixed in deep holes filled with compacted earth, increasing resistance to winds and landslides.

Natural Drainage

The surrounding soil is slightly sloped to allow rainwater runoff, preventing flooding and keeping the base dry.

Resistance to Extreme Weather Conditions

The ocas of Xingu are designed to withstand intense winds, heavy rains, and other climatic adversities:

Dynamic Flexibility

The flexible structure allows the oca to move with the wind, minimizing the risk of damage.

Waterproofing

The thatched roof and aerodynamic design ensure that rainwater is quickly drained, preventing infiltrations.

Natural Ventilation

Air circulation is facilitated by openings at the base and top, keeping the interior dry and comfortable even in high humidity

Sustainability and Ancestral Wisdom

Building an oca is a community event that strengthens social bonds. The owner gathers materials such as wood, thatch, and embira, while the men of the village participate in the construction. This collective effort demonstrates how architecture can reflect and reinforce community cohesion.

Ocas can measure up to 30 meters in length, 10 meters in width, and 10 meters in height, accommodating several families of the same lineage. Beyond their practical function, these structures hold deep cultural significance.

Ocas are examples of architecture that respects the environment and efficiently uses local resources. The choice of renewable materials like wood and thatch, along with sustainable construction techniques, offers valuable lessons for modern architecture, especially at a time when the environmental crisis demands more conscious solutions.

Building Sustainably: The Power of Tradition and Nature

Building sustainably, like the ocas of Alto Xingu, showcases the power of tradition and nature working together. Embracing these principles can lead to the creation of homes that are not only beautiful and functional but also deeply connected to our environment and communities. Images and Videos by António Banavita

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